Children with Asperger’s syndrome typically develop a good to excellent vocabulary, but they usually lack the social instincts and practical skills needed for relating to others. This can result in poor communication skills. They may not recognize verbal and nonverbal cues or understand social norms, such as taking turns talking or grasping the concept of personal space. They may have difficulties with accent, tone, and pitch, which can make their speech sometimes odd or difficult to understand. And they may have a hard time expressing their own feelings and perceiving others’ feelings. Children with Asperger’s typically try to form friendships, but they may have difficulty making friends because of their social awkwardness.
Children with Asperger’s syndrome often have limited and very focused interests. They are often most comfortable with fixed routines, and they do not like change.
How is Asperger’s syndrome diagnosed?
Asperger’s syndrome is usually not diagnosed until a child is at least 3 years old, when social problems become apparent, although it may be diagnosed earlier. A diagnosis is based on a careful history of the child’s development, psychological and psychiatric assessments, communication tests, and the parents’ and clinicians’ shared observations.
Asperger’s syndrome is diagnosed using specific criteria, published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR).
How is it treated?
Treatment for Asperger’s syndrome should be tailored to meet individual needs. Communication and social skills training is usually recommended. Behavior management, in which good behavior is rewarded, can help change problem behaviors such as interrupting and dominating conversations.
Medicines for Asperger’s syndrome are generally avoided, especially in young children, but may be recommended for specific symptoms, such as depression or anxiety.
How are families affected?
Parents of children with Asperger’s syndrome face many challenges in raising children with special needs. They may have difficulty finding doctors who are knowledgeable about this uncommon condition. Additionally, overtaxed teachers may not be able to offer the kind of help parents know that their children need at school. They may view the child’s symptoms as simply bad behavior.
Many children with Asperger’s syndrome have other coexisting conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder, or depression. These conditions also complicate a parent’s job. Many parents find comfort and build acceptance with help from support groups, counseling, and a network of friends, family, and community.
